Privacy basics · 6 min
Understand default end-to-end encryption and its limits
Signal uses end-to-end encryption for personal messages and calls by default, with the open-source Signal Protocol as its technical foundation. The aim is to keep content readable only on the devices of you and the intended recipients.
Encryption cannot protect an unlocked device or prevent a recipient from copying, forwarding, or photographing a screen. A complete privacy practice also covers devices, accounts, contacts, and the physical environment.
- Use a strong screen lock and limit notification previews.
- Keep the operating system and application on supported releases.
- Verify contacts and safety numbers through another trusted channel.
- Treat screen sharing, third-party keyboards, and public computers carefully.
Linked devices · 5 min
Treat every linked device as a separate access point
Desktop and other secondary devices are linked through a primary mobile device, commonly by scanning a QR code. After linking, the secondary device can handle subsequent communication independently, so control of that computer matters as much as control of the phone.
The primary device provides a linked-device list. Long periods offline or inactive may cause automatic unlinking, but that is not a substitute for regular review.
- Scan linking codes only on computers and tablets you control.
- Give each device its own login password and lock it when unattended.
- Review names and activity, then remove old, shared, or unfamiliar devices.
- If something looks wrong, unlink it before reviewing the primary phone.
Account credentials · 6 min
SMS codes, Signal PINs, and device passcodes serve different roles
The SMS code belongs to phone-number registration. A Signal PIN helps recover profile data, settings, contacts, and the block list and can work with registration lock. A device passcode or biometric check unlocks the phone and confirms local actions.
A Signal PIN is not a message-history backup password and cannot restore lost chats by itself. Store it in a trusted password manager, particularly when registration lock is enabled.
- Treat every request for an SMS verification code as high risk.
- Never send a PIN, verification code, or backup recovery key in chat.
- Investigate unexpected registration prompts immediately.
- Do not surrender screen control to a supposed remote support agent.
Backups and transfers · 7 min
Check the platform and backup type before changing devices
Message history is generally stored on devices. Signal currently offers Secure Backups, on-device backups for some platforms, and direct device transfers. Their platform support, restore timing, and included content differ, and the methods are not interchangeable.
Optional Secure Backups use end-to-end encryption and depend on a long recovery key. Without that key the archive cannot be decrypted, and a Signal PIN cannot replace it.
- Confirm that a backup is enabled and complete before reinstalling or moving.
- Keep the recovery key offline in a location only you can access.
- Check whether the old and new platforms support direct or cross-platform recovery.
- Do not erase the old device until the new one is fully verified.
Phone-number privacy · 5 min
Usernames help people connect, but registration still uses a phone number
A username can start a conversation without directly sharing a phone number, but creating a Signal account still requires one. Phone-number visibility and whether people can find you using a known number are separate privacy settings.
Review both settings independently. Disabling discovery by number means contacts will need your exact username, which can improve separation while reducing convenience.
- Share usernames through a channel where identity can be confirmed.
- Review mutual groups and safety information before accepting requests.
- A username is not proof of identity; verify important contacts separately.
Message lifecycle · 4 min
Disappearing messages reduce retention; they do not defeat a hostile recipient
A disappearing-message timer removes eligible new messages from participating devices after the selected period. It can reduce long-term history and clutter, and timer changes are shown within the conversation.
It cannot stop screenshots, copying, or an external camera. Never interpret disappearance as a guarantee that sent content cannot be recorded.
- Choose a reasonable default timer for new chats.
- Confirm administrator rules before changing a group timer.
- Never send credentials, recovery keys, or verification codes in any chat.